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<title>Counsel</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Counsel</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about counsellor at law. For counselling counsel, see <a href="Advice_(opinion)" title="Advice (opinion)">Advice (opinion)</a>. For other, see <a href="Counsel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Counsel (disambiguation)">Counsel (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Counsellor at law" redirects here. For the 1933 film, see <a href="Counsellor_at_Law" title="Counsellor at Law">Counsellor at Law</a>. For legal counsel, see <a href="Legal_counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal counsel">legal counsel</a>.</div>

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<p>A <b>counsel</b> or a <b>counsellor at law</b> is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in <a href="Law" title="Law">legal</a> matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of <i><a href="Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a></i>.

</p><p>The word <i>counsel</i> can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UK_and_Ireland">UK and Ireland</h2></div>

<p>The legal system in England uses the term <i>counsel</i> as an approximate synonym for a <a href="Barristers_in_England_and_Wales" title="Barristers in England and Wales">barrister-at-law</a>, but not for a <a href="Solicitor" title="Solicitor">solicitor</a>, and may apply it to mean either a single person who <a href="Pleading" title="Pleading">pleads</a> a cause, or collectively, the body of <a href="Barrister" title="Barrister">barristers</a> engaged in a <a href="Legal_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal case">case</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The difference between "Barrister" and "Counsel" is subtle. In England and Wales, "Barrister" is a professional title awarded by one of the four <a href="Inns_of_Court" title="Inns of Court">Inns of Court</a>, and is used in a barrister's private, academic or professional capacity. "Counsel" is used to refer to a barrister who is instructed on a particular case. It is customary to use the third person when addressing a barrister instructed on a case: "Counsel is asked to advise" rather than "You are asked to advise". However, it is considered inappropriate to address an individual barrister verbally as 'counsel'. The correct form is to call the barrister 'Mr X' or 'Miss Y' but never 'Counsel'.

</p><p>The legal term <i>counsellor</i>, or more fully, <i>counsellor-at-law</i>, became practically obsolete in England, but continued in use locally in <a href="Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-citizens_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizens-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an equivalent to <i>barrister</i>, where a <i>Senior Counsel</i> (S.C.) is equivalent to the UK <a href="King's_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">King's Counsel</a> (K.C.)

</p><p>After they have graduated from University with a law degree, they become a 'junior counsel', their work normally is completing most of the paperwork in cases (such as drafting legal documents). After about 10 to 15 years of practising as a junior counsel, a barrister may apply to become a senior counsel. This is sometimes called "taking silk" this because the senior counsel's gown was traditionally made of silk. A senior counsel may have the letters SC after his/her name.<sup id="cite_ref-citizens_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizens-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Law_firm" title="Law firm">Law firm</a></div>

<p>In the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>, the term <i>counselor-at-law</i> designates, specifically, an <a href="Attorney_at_law_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney at law (United States)">attorney</a> admitted to practice in all <a href="Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts">courts of law</a>; but as the United States legal system makes no formal division of the <a href="Legal_profession" title="Legal profession">legal profession</a> into two classes, as in the United Kingdom, most US citizens use the term loosely in the same sense as <i><a href="Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a></i>, meaning one who is versed in (or practicing) <a href="Law" title="Law">law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the United States and <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, many large and midsize law firms have lawyers with the job title of "counsel", "<a href="Special_counsel" title="Special counsel">special counsel</a>" or "<a href="Of_counsel" title="Of counsel">of counsel</a>". These lawyers are employees of the firm like associates, although some firms have an independent contractor relationship with them. But unlike associates, and more like partners, they generally have their own clients, manage their own files, and may supervise associates.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-legal_usage">Non-legal usage</h2></div>

<p>The word "counsel" also means advice given by a professional (psychology and social sciences, religious, academic, etc.) regarding the judgment or conduct of another.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/counsel" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:counsel">counsel</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/co-counsel" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:co-counsel">co-counsel</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Attorney_at_law" title="Attorney at law">Attorney at law</a></li>

<li><a href="General_counsel" title="General counsel">General counsel</a></li>

<li><a href="Ineffective_assistance_of_counsel" title="Ineffective assistance of counsel">Ineffective assistance of counsel</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Counsel_and_Counsellor" class="extiw external" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Counsel and Counsellor">Counsel and Counsellor</a>". <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-citizens-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citizens_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citizens_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/barristers.html">"Barristers"</a>. <i>www.citizensinformation.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024122208/https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courtroom/barristers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/counsel">"counsel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002012335/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/counsel">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-30</span></span> – via The Free Dictionary.</cite></span>

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